LEVANDO A JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA A SÉRIO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/25.38.2022.11118Palavras-chave:
Justiça Restaurativa, Sistema de Justiça criminal, Crimes, VítimaResumo
Aqueles que buscam reduzir o encarceramento em massa têm apontado cada vez mais para a Justiça Restaurativa – uma abordagem que normalmente reúne os afetados por uma ofensa criminal na tentativa de lidar com o dano causado pela ofensa, em vez de punir. Este artigo se propõe a pensar seriamente sobre a incorporação da Justiça Restaurativa em todo o sistema jurídico penal. Para os defensores da Justiça Restaurativa, expandir essas práticas levanta uma série de questões: a oportunidade de aliviar o encarceramento em massa justifica a colaboração com um sistema jurídico criminal profundamente falho? A ameaça de processo criminal destruirá a voluntariedade e a sinceridade essenciais para um processo restaurativo bem-sucedido? A Justiça Restaurativa pode ser usada com sucesso em casos em que a vítima não pode participar ou em casos em que não há vítima identificável, como em delitos de drogas? O processo será cooptado por impulsos burocráticos? Os céticos da Justiça Restaurativa podem se perguntar se a aplicação de uma abordagem restaurativa aos crimes mais graves comprometerá o valor dissuasivo do direito penal e levará a resultados amplamente desproporcionais. Aqueles dentro e fora do movimento perguntarão se a Justiça Restaurativa pode ser implementada de uma forma que proteja os direitos processuais dos réus e seja racialmente equitativa. Exploro as escolhas e compensações que estariam envolvidas na expansão da Justiça Restaurativa para reduzir significativamente o encarceramento. Argumento que a Justiça Restaurativa pode ser expandida sem impactos adversos significativos no devido processo legal, equidade racial e proporcionalidade. Ao mesmo tempo, a ampla expansão da Justiça Restaurativa acarreta o comprometimento de algumas de suas características-chave. Sugiro que as desvantagens da expansão são significativas, mas superadas pelo imperativo moral de experimentar alternativas ao encarceramento em massa.
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